Adaptive importance sampling for fading channels - Electronics Letters

shown in Fig. 2 and like the circuits of [I], realise an FI of value .Z-2 = Z,Z2 / Z 3 without requiring any passive component matching conditions. Changing the connections a,-b,, arbz to a,-b,, a, b, facilitates the realisation of negative FIs from the same circuits. A variety of single-resistance-tunable floating elements (such as ideal floating inductance, ideal resistively-variable floating capacitance, ideal floating FDNR etc.) are realisable by appropriate choice (resistive/capacitive) of impedances Z,, Z , and Z,. Thus, the structures proposed here possess all the properties of their predecessors [l] (quoted above), while requiring only three OMA(-)s as opposed to four OMA(-)s in the structures of [l]. From the considerations of [14--16], it follows that the FI configurations of the intended type (i.e. various kinds of FIs in lossless forms, without requiring any component matching and using only three passive components) cannot be realised with less than three nullors (OFNOMA(-)). Consequently, the new circuits of Fig. 2 are minimal in that they require not only a minimum number of passive components but also a minimum number of OMAs.